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System Design 101

Explain complex systems using visuals and simple terms.

Whether you're preparing for a System Design Interview or you simply want to understand how systems work beneath the surface, we hope this repository will help you achieve that.

Table of Contents

• API and Web Development
• Short/long polling, SSE, WebSocket
• Load Balancer Realistic Use Cases
• 5 HTTP Status Codes That Should Never Have Been Created
• How does gRPC work?
• How NAT Enabled the Internet
• Important Things About HTTP Headers
• Internet Traffic Routing Policies
• How Browsers Render Web Pages
• What makes HTTP2 faster than HTTP1?
• What is CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)?
• Key Use Cases for Load Balancers
• 18 Common Ports Worth Knowing
• What are the differences between WAN, LAN, PAN and MAN?
• How does Javascript Work?
• 8 Tips for Efficient API Design
• Reverse Proxy vs. API Gateway vs. Load Balancer
• How does REST API work?
• Load Balancer vs. API Gateway
• How GraphQL Works at LinkedIn
• GraphQL Adoption Patterns
• A cheat sheet for API designs
• API Gateway 101
• Top 3 API Gateway Use Cases
• What do version numbers mean?
• Do you know all the components of a URL?
• Unicast vs Broadcast vs Multicast vs Anycast
• 10 Essential Components of a Production Web Application
• URL, URI, URN - Differences Explained
• API vs SDK
• A Cheatsheet to Build Secure APIs
• HTTP Status Codes You Should Know
• SOAP vs REST vs GraphQL vs RPC
• A Cheatsheet on Comparing API Architectural Styles
• Top 9 HTTP Request Methods
• What is a Load Balancer?
• Proxy vs Reverse Proxy
• HTTP/1 -> HTTP/2 -> HTTP/3
• Polling vs Webhooks
• How do we Perform Pagination in API Design?
• How to Design Effective and Safe APIs
• How to Design Secure Web API Access
• What Does an API Gateway Do?
• What is gRPC?
• Top 12 Tips for API Security
• Explaining 9 Types of API Testing
• REST API vs. GraphQL
• What is GraphQL?
• REST API Cheatsheet
• The Ultimate API Learning Roadmap
• The Evolving Landscape of API Protocols in 2023
• Real World Case Studies
• 100X Postgres Scaling at Figma
• API of APIs - App Integrations
• The one-line change that reduced clone times by 99% at Pinterest
• Is Telegram Secure?
• Fixing Bugs Automatically at Meta Scale
• How Levelsfyi Scaled to Millions of Users with Google Sheets
• McDonald’s Event-Driven Architecture
• Uber Tech Stack - CI/CD
• How to Design Stack Overflow
• Twitter 1.0 Tech Stack
• How does Twitter recommend “For You” Timeline in 1.5 seconds?
• How YouTube Handles Massive Video Uploads
• How Does a Typical Push Notification System Work?
• 4 Ways Netflix Uses Caching
• Netflix Tech Stack - Databases
• 0 to 1.5 Billion Guests: Airbnb's Architectural Evolution
• How Netflix Scales Push Messaging
• Netflix's Overall Architecture
• Netflix Tech Stack - CI/CD Pipeline
• How TikTok Manages a 200K File Frontend MonoRepo
• How Netflix Really Uses Java
• Evolution of Airbnb’s Microservice Architecture
• Reddit's Core Architecture
• 10 Principles for Building Resilient Payment Systems
• What is the Journey of a Slack Message?
• Top 9 Engineering Blogs
• Uber Tech Stack
• Evolution of the Netflix API Architecture
• How Discord Stores Trillions of Messages
• Twitter Architecture 2022 vs. 2012
• Evolution of Uber's API Layer
• Netflix's Tech Stack
• AI and Machine Learning
• 5 Functions to Merge Data with Pandas
• Key Data Terms
• ChatGPT Timeline
• DeepSeek 1-Pager
• The Open Source AI Stack
• What is an AI Agent?
• Data Pipelines Overview
• How does ChatGPT work?
• Database and Storage
• Read Replica Pattern
• Pessimistic vs Optimistic Locking
• [How to Upload a Large File to S3](https://bytebytego.com/guides/how-to-upl